Endoscopic heart ultrasound

Aortic valve diseases are abnormalities that occur in the aortic valve of the heart. These diseases are often caused by aging or congenital factors. Aortic valve replacement is a surgical method applied in the treatment of these diseases. This blog post will cover topics related to aortic valve diseases and replacement, including how aortic valve replacement is performed, what tests are conducted, what to pay attention to after the operation, and whether this surgery is risky.

What are Aortic Valve Diseases?

Aortic valve diseases are problems that occur in the heart valve called the aortic valve. The aortic valve performs the function of closing the main artery, the aorta, which carries blood out of the heart. This valve opens with the contraction of the heart, allowing blood to be pumped into the aorta. However, in some cases, the aortic valve either narrows or leaks. This is when aortic valve diseases come into play.

Aortic valve diseases are generally observed in two types: aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve is narrowed, making it difficult for blood to pass through the aorta. In this case, the heart has to exert more force to pump blood. In aortic insufficiency, the aortic valve does not close properly, leading to backward flow of blood.

Aortic valve diseases may not show symptoms initially, but various symptoms can emerge in the later stages. These may include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting sensation, fatigue, and swelling. If you experience symptoms of aortic valve disease, it is essential to consult a cardiology specialist.

Aortic Valve Diseases: Problems that can occur in the aortic valve.

Aortic Stenosis: Narrowing of the aortic valve, making the passage of blood difficult.

Aortic Insufficiency: The aortic valve does not close properly, leading to backward blood flow.

Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting sensation, fatigue, swelling, and more.

Cardiology Specialist: Consultation with a specialist is important if symptoms of aortic valve disease are present.

How is Aortic Valve Replacement Performed?

Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure performed due to problems in the aortic valve. The aortic valve is responsible for pumping blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the aorta. However, deformations or narrowing can occur in the valve, negatively affecting heart functions. In such cases, aortic valve replacement surgery may be necessary.

Aortic valve replacement is usually carried out by cardiac surgery specialists. During the operation, under general anesthesia, the patient's heart is stopped, and access to the aortic valve is gained in the left ventricle. The old valve is removed, and a biological or mechanical valve is placed in its position. Biological valves are typically made from animal tissue, while mechanical valves are manufactured from materials such as titanium or carbon.

Due to the detailed and delicate nature of the aortic valve replacement procedure, a series of tests and examinations are required. Firstly, the patient's overall health and heart functions are assessed. Tests such as EKG, echocardiography, and chest X-ray are conducted. Additionally, tubes or catheters may be used to evaluate the heart's condition before surgery. These tests are crucial for the surgical team to determine whether the patient is suitable for the operation.

Preoperative Tests:

Informing the patient and family

Preparation for the operation

Administration of anesthesia

Performance of aortic valve replacement surgery

Patient care and recovery process

What Tests are Conducted for Aortic Valve Replacement?

Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure performed when the aortic valve, a valve in the heart, is damaged or defective. Various tests are conducted before this procedure to accurately assess the disease, providing information about the patient's physical health and heart functions for treatment planning.

Among the tests required for aortic valve replacement, a detailed review of the medical history is prioritized. Factors such as the patient's previous heart conditions, diabetes, hypertension, etc., are part of this assessment. Additionally, a physical examination is conducted, evaluating vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate.

In addition to these, laboratory tests necessary for aortic valve replacement are performed. Blood tests are used to check the patient's blood structure, kidney functions, electrolyte balance, and the presence of infection. Furthermore, the electrical activity of the heart is examined with an electrocardiogram (EKG), and echocardiography is used to assess the size of the heart muscle, aortic valve functions, and any other structural anomalies if present.

List of Tests:

Assessment of medical history

Physical examination

Blood tests

EKG (electrocardiography)

Echocardiography

What to Pay Attention to After Aortic Valve Replacement?

After aortic valve replacement, it is important to pay attention to certain factors to ensure a healthy recovery process from this serious surgical procedure. During this period, the patient must strictly adhere to the instructions given by the doctor, as complications may arise otherwise.

After aortic valve replacement, the patient needs rest. Therefore, physical activities should be limited. If vaccinations are recommended by the doctor, they should be administered regularly.

The patient's nutrition is also important after aortic valve replacement. To follow a balanced and adequate nutritional program, it is crucial to follow the doctor's recommendations. Drinking plenty of water, consuming fiber-rich foods, and maintaining a low-sodium diet are important.

Is Aortic Valve Replacement a Risky Surgery?

Aortic valve replacement is a commonly performed surgical procedure in patients with aortic valve disease. This procedure is carried out when there is damage or narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to impaired blood flow. Aortic valve replacement is a serious surgical procedure and carries some risks. Generally, aortic valve replacement is considered a risky surgery, but these risks can vary depending on factors such as the patient's overall health and the experience of the surgeon.

Tests conducted for aortic valve replacement aim to assess the patient's overall health and determine whether they are suitable for surgery. These tests typically include blood tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and computerized tomography. These tests are important for the surgical team to make accurate diagnoses and treatment plans.

Points to be noted after aortic valve replacement include regular doctor check-ups to monitor the postoperative health status. Additionally, it is essential to take the medications recommended by the surgeon regularly and adhere to postoperative instructions. Resting during the postoperative recovery period and avoiding excessive strain on the body are also important.

Risks After Surgery:

Postoperative infection risk

Bleeding or clotting issues

Risks related to anesthesia

Permanent or temporary nerve damage

Risk of heart attack or stroke

Frequently Asked Questions

What are aortic valve diseases?

Aortic valve diseases refer to situations where the aortic valve does not function properly. These are generally categorized as aortic valve stenosis (narrowing) and aortic valve insufficiency (leakage).

How is aortic valve replacement performed?

Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure and is typically performed as open-heart surgery. Considering the condition of the heart and the patient's medical history, the damaged aortic valve is removed, and a new valve is installed, often with the heart temporarily stopped.

What tests are conducted for aortic valve replacement?

Before aortic valve replacement, various tests are conducted to evaluate the patient's heart functions and overall health. These may include blood tests, EKG, echocardiography, chest X-ray, coronary angiography, and more.

What should be considered after aortic valve replacement?

After aortic valve replacement, patients are typically monitored in intensive care for a period. Factors to consider in the postoperative period include regular use of medication, taking precautions against infections, regular check-ups, and lifestyle changes.

Is aortic valve replacement a risky surgery?

Aortic valve replacement is a serious surgical procedure with certain risks, including infection, bleeding, arrhythmias, and anesthesia-related risks. However, when performed by an expert cardiac surgeon, these risks can be minimized.

Who is a suitable candidate for aortic valve replacement?

Suitable candidates for aortic valve replacement are generally those with aortic valve disease experiencing symptoms. Additionally, the patient's overall health and heart functions with aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency are considered in the decision-making process.

How does the quality of life change after aortic valve replacement?

After aortic valve replacement, patients typically experience an improvement in their quality of life. Symptoms decrease or disappear entirely, and heart functions improve. Nevertheless, maintaining regular check-ups, medication use, and a healthy lifestyle are crucial.